← Our writersPeptide pharmacology writer
Craig Palmer
Explains how each peptide works, and where the explanation stops being measured and starts being theory.
Craig Palmer writes This Peptide's pharmacology pages for the peptides beyond the GLP-1s. They cover sermorelin, NAD+, glutathione, GHK-Cu, PT-141 and the research-only peptides readers keep asking about. Each page follows a compound from the receptor it acts on to the reason it is dosed the way it is, and marks clearly where a mechanism is still a hypothesis. He writes about what a molecule does, not whether any one reader should take it. No clinical credentials are claimed here.
What they cover
- Sermorelin and tesamorelin pharmacology
- NAD+ and cellular energy metabolism
- Melanocortin receptors
- Peptide half-life and dosing schedules
- Compounding and routes of administration
Articles by Craig Palmer
49 pieces- Dihexa: The Animal Research and the Retracted Key PaperEvidence
- Does Glutathione Help With Weight Loss? What the Human Studies MeasuredEvidence
- NAC vs Glutathione: Which One Raises Glutathione in People?Evidence
- GHK-Cu Copper Toxicity: Copper per Milligram vs the Upper LimitSafety
- Does Sublingual Semaglutide Work? What Studies ShowFormats
- LL-37 peptide: real trials, for something elseEvidence
- Semax: what has actually been tested in peopleEvidence
- Selank: what the human trials actually foundEvidence
- DSIP Dosage: The Doses Used in the Human StudiesEvidence
- Epitalon Benefits: Each Claim and the Study Behind ItEvidence
- TB 500 Dosage: What Human Studies of Thymosin Beta-4 UsedEvidence
- Longevity Peptides: What the Human Evidence Shows for Each OneEvidence
- Oxytocin Nasal Spray: What Human Trials of the Intranasal Dose FoundEvidence
- GLP-1 Muscle Loss: How Much of the Weight Lost Is Lean Mass, and What Limits ItEvidence
- NAD for Weight Loss: What Human Trials of NAD+ and Its Precursors FoundEvidence
- Ozempic Face: What Studies Measured and Whether It Is the Drug or the Weight LossSafety
- NAD+ and Glutathione: The Biochemical Link, and Whether the Pair Has Been TestedEvidence
- Vyleesi Reviews: What Women in the Trials Reported, and What the Numbers ShowEvidence
- GHK-Cu Benefits: Which Claims Have Been Tested in PeopleEvidence
- NAD+ Benefits for Skin: What Studies of NAD+ and Vitamin B3 ShowEvidence
- Tirzepatide and Alcohol: What the Label Says and What Studies of Drinking FoundSafety
- Glutathione for Liver Health: What the Fatty-Liver Studies ShowEvidence
- How Long Does PT 141 Last? Four Clocks, and the One Nobody Has TimedEvidence
- Sermorelin for Weight Loss: What GHRH Trials Measured, and What They Never TestedEvidence
- Liraglutide vs Semaglutide: Daily and Weekly GLP-1 Shots ComparedEvidence
- NMN vs NAD: How the Precursor and the Molecule Itself Compare in Human StudiesEvidence
- Sermorelin vs HGH: A Signal to the Pituitary or the Hormone ItselfEvidence
- BPC 157 and TB 500 Together: What Any Study Has Tested of the PairEvidence
- BPC 157 Dosage: Why No Human Dose Exists, and What Studies UsedSafety
- CJC 1295 and Ipamorelin: What Human Studies Exist for the PairEvidence
- Does Sermorelin Work? What the Human Studies MeasuredEvidence
- DSIP Peptide: What Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide Trials in People FoundEvidence
- GHK-Cu: Copper Peptide Evidence, Topical Versus InjectedFormats
- Growth Hormone Peptides: GHRH Analogs vs Ghrelin Mimetics, and Their EvidenceEvidence
- How to Reconstitute Peptides: What the Drug Labels InstructFormats
- How to Store Peptides: What Four Drug Labels RequireFormats
- Liposomal Glutathione: Does Oral Glutathione Raise Levels in the Body?Evidence
- MOTS-c: What the Research Shows in Mice and in PeopleEvidence
- NAD Nasal Spray: What the Evidence Shows So FarFormats
- NAD Patches: Can NAD+ Get Through the Skin?Formats
- PT 141 Dosage: The Vyleesi Label's 1.75 mg Dose and What Trials TestedEvidence
- Retatrutide: What the Triple-Agonist Trials Show So FarEvidence
- Sermorelin Dosage: What the Approved Product and Trials Actually UsedFormats
- Sermorelin Nasal Spray: Does GHRH Work Without an Injection?Formats
- Sermorelin vs Ipamorelin: Two Very Different Evidence RecordsEvidence
- TB-500: What Is Known, and What Has Never Been TestedEvidence
- Tesamorelin Dosage: What the Egrifta Label States and What the Trials GaveEvidence
- Tesamorelin vs Sermorelin: Two GHRH Analogs With Very Different EvidenceEvidence
- What Are Peptides? How They Work, and Why Most Are InjectedFormats