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Kisspeptin: What Human Studies Show About Libido and Reproductive Hormones

Single kisspeptin infusions changed brain responses to sexual cues in men and women with low desire, and raised reproductive hormones. It is not approved, and the FDA flags kisspeptin-10.

Article type
Evidence
Sources
7
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6 min
By Leah GarnerPublished

Kisspeptin is sold online as a libido peptide, often with the claim that it raises testosterone. Unlike many peptides in that market, it has real human research behind it. That research is careful and mostly short: single infusions, in hospital, measured in hours. This page sets out what it shows, and it sits under the sexual health goal.

What kisspeptin does

Kisspeptin is a hormone the body makes. It acts on GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, and the GnRH they release tells the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH, the hormones that drive the testes and ovaries [3]. It comes in several lengths; kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54 are the two used in most human studies.

A 2015 study compared them in healthy men, with five men per dose group [3]. Given intravenously for 3 hours, kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54 raised LH and FSH to similar levels. GnRH itself was more potent: LH was about 3-fold higher on GnRH than on kisspeptin-10, and about 2-fold higher than on kisspeptin-54.

Does it raise testosterone?

In the short term, yes. A 2026 study gave 15 healthy men kisspeptin-10 under the skin by continuous pump [4]. Eight-hour infusions raised LH, FSH and testosterone in a dose-dependent way compared with vehicle (P<.0001).

Longer use was less simple. With a pump running for 5 days straight, testosterone stayed higher, but LH and FSH fell back to vehicle levels. Daily 8-hour infusions for 12 days kept LH raised, by 1.68 units on day 1 and 1.14 on day 12, against a small fall on vehicle [4]. The authors present this as a protocol to develop, not a treatment.

Libido in men

The best-known study randomized 37 men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and 32 completed it [1]. Each man had two visits, one with a 75-minute intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 and one with placebo, in random order. They watched sexual videos in an MRI scanner.

Kisspeptin changed activity in the brain’s sexual-processing network compared with placebo (Cohen d = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.21). Penile tumescence rose by up to 56% more than on placebo, and men reported more happiness about sex, by 0.63 points [1].

Those are real, measured effects, and they come from a single infusion in a laboratory. The trial did not test whether desire changed at home, over weeks, or with any form a person could take themselves.

Libido in women

The same group ran a matching trial in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder [2]. Forty were randomized and 32 completed both visits. The same 75-minute infusion changed brain activity in response to erotic videos and to attractive faces.

Some of those brain changes tracked how the women felt. Greater hippocampal activity with kisspeptin correlated with baseline distress about sexual function (r = 0.469; P = .007). Kisspeptin was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were reported [2]. One approved drug for this condition in women is covered in the bremelanotide approval and trials.

Fertility and IVF

Kisspeptin’s most advanced use is in IVF. A phase 2 trial gave 60 women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome a single injection of kisspeptin-54 to trigger egg maturation [5]. Doses ranged from 3.2 to 12.8 nmol/kg.

Egg maturation occurred in 95% of women. Across all doses, the live birth rate per embryo transfer was 45%, and no woman developed moderate, severe or critical hyperstimulation [5]. The trial was open-label and had no comparison group on the standard trigger.

What this means for you

Kisspeptin is a hormone with a clear effect on reproductive hormones and early, promising brain and arousal data from single infusions. No human dose for libido has been established, and no study here tested kisspeptin injected by the user at home. For men comparing options, the older melanocortin route is covered in what the PT 141 trials in men found. The legal position of research-only peptides is in are peptides legal.

Frequently asked questions

Does kisspeptin increase libido?
In 32 men with low sexual desire, a single 75-minute infusion of kisspeptin-54 changed brain responses to sexual video, raised penile tumescence by up to 56% more than placebo and increased happiness about sex. None of these studies tested a take-home form over weeks.
Does kisspeptin raise testosterone?
In healthy men, 8-hour subcutaneous infusions of kisspeptin-10 raised LH, FSH and testosterone. With continuous infusion for 5 days, testosterone stayed higher but LH and FSH fell back to vehicle levels.
Is kisspeptin FDA-approved?
No. The FDA placed kisspeptin-10 in Category 2 of its 503A compounding list, substances that raise significant safety risks, in September 2023. It remains there in the May 2026 update.
What is kisspeptin used for in IVF?
In a phase 2 trial of 60 women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation, a single kisspeptin-54 injection triggered egg maturation in 95%, with a 45% live birth rate per transfer and no moderate or severe hyperstimulation.

Sources

7 cited
  1. 1Mills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, et al. (2023). Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA Network Open. PMID 36735255
  2. 2Thurston L, Hunjan T, Ertl N, et al. (2022). Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA Network Open. PMID 36287566
  3. 3Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Narayanaswamy S, et al. (2015). Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men Human Reproduction. PMID 26089302
  4. 4Yeung AC, Phylactou M, Koysombat K, et al. (2026). Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men European Journal of Endocrinology. PMID 42549827
  5. 5Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. (2015). Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Therapy Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. PMID 26192876
  6. 6U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026). Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (updated May 14, 2026) FDA. Source
  7. 7U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026). Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks FDA, Human Drug Compounding (content current as of April 22, 2026). Source

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